It remains compatible with Microsoft Windows Excel 2016, phstat2 for mac in its preview edition. Chm, a complete PHStat2 help system that. Easy To Use - Microsoft Excel 2016 Edition $2.99 Quickly get up to speed with Excel 2016 with this collection of 318 easy to follow video tutorial lessons.Discover exactly what Excel can do for.
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Hi Charley,It all depends on which test you use. If you use a two-sample t-test as your A/B split test, then typically the sample size (assuming this is what you mean by “number of tests”) required is based on statistical power (as well as significance level and effect size); how to calculate the sample size in this case is described atIf, instead, you base the sample size on achieving a certain confidence interval, then you can use the fact the confidence interval can be expressed as sample mean +/- s.e. t-crit where s.e. = standard deviation divided by the square root of the sample size n; t-crit depends on the significance level (i.e. One minus the level of confidence) but also on n since the degrees of freedom for the t-test is n-2.
Thus, you must solve for n, which requires using numerical means (since there is not an analytic formula). How to do this is shown in the case of the one-sample t-test atIf you use a different A/B test, then the calculations will differ. For the Mann-Whitney test, seePlease let me know whether or not I am addressing the question that you are intending to ask.Charles. Charles,Thanks for the links. I’ll dig into them.I think, however, that I need to back up and describe two common scenarios in web sites.First, suppose we’re trying to determine whether price A or price B yields the greatest total revenue.
So we set up a sales page that toggles between price A and price B. How do we know that we’ve had enough trials to accept the results?Second, suppose we want to compare two different subscription pages and our goal is to determine which page delivers the greatest number of subscriptions? Again, how do we know that we’ve had enough trials to accept the results?What test would you recommend in each case?Thanks, Charles!Charley. Hello Charley,The previous response is relevant to these sorts of scenarios. I would add one important comment.
These scenarios represent business decisions, and so while statistical analyses can be applied, decision theory is probably more applicable. It costs money to increase the number of trials and so you need to determine whether or not it is worth the money of more trials to reduce the type II error (the statistical power approach) or reduce the confidence intervals and whatever upside return these provide. Of course, if more trials cost little (in time and money), then the more trials the better.Charles. Can’t wait to do logistic regression I am not a statistician but was put in this role a year ago with the daunting challenge of learning SPSS. I got the basics done in SPSS and learned how to manipulate the software a bit, but am now in the process of eliminating SPSS. 95% of the work formerly done in SPSS could be done in Business Objects (or Excel) using the very basics of data analysis.
The other 5% is a LOGISTIC REGRESSION test that I am working on, to replace SPSS solution. Looks like I found my moving buddy! Zaiontz,I have a data set with 1 dependent variable and 3 independent variables.All the variables are continuous.The 3 independent variables are metrics of a surgery. The dependent variable is the patient’s pain score.I ran a regression analysis, but I know that my data is not normal.I suppose I could transform the data, but I was wondering if there was some sort of non-parametric procedure that I could use to run such an analysis.My data is not from a randomized designed experiment.Any suggestions?I appreciate your insights.Best regards,Crispus.
I can’t tell you how excited I am about finding your website! I have thought about getting back into using my graduate statistics and educational measurement knowledge to learn more from the large amount of data I accumulate in my job as a school psychologist. Sadly, I’m quite rusty, so let me ask for your guidance: to begin, I am thinking I could learn something about whether there are IQ subtests which are more or less predictive of word reading ability.
Is this a multiple ANCOVA? Can you tell me where to start? Hey CharlesThanks for providing such a valuable resource.I’ve got a data set containing forest biomass values (n = 223) across 4 separate vegetation types.
The sample sizes for each vegetation type are unequal. I’m looking to see if there is statistical separation between the mean biomass values for each of the vegetation types. I’ve performed a one way ANOVA, and want to use a Scheffe post-hoc, multiple comparison test to see where the significant differences (if any) occur. The output of the Scheffe test requires the input of ‘Scheffe contrast values’. I’m a little confused at how these are calculated. Hello dear Charles,My research is about comparing productivity for coastal and inland wetlands, i have two case study areas, and 37 samples from the two sites (17,19), repeated for two seasons summer and winter of year 2019, now i have (stand no, season, area, phytomass of each stand (productivity)), what kind of statistics i can do to analyze my data.
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When i tried one way anova it gave me no signifcant differences, but in reallity i think there should be significant differences, what should i do? What formula would I use for the following?The director of the Office of Human Development wants to know the proportion of welfare recipients who own cars. She wants to know the proportion within 3% and wants to be 95% certain. What sample size does she need?The sheriff takes a sample of 100 former inmates who went through a retraining program. These inmates are traced through the county’s data system to find out whether they had a job within a year. The sheriff considers anyone with a job to be a success.
The sample reveals 68 of the 100 inmates have jobs after within a year.What is the standard error of the proportion? Charles,I hope all is well ?I wish to compare quantitative exam scores for two groups. Group 1 and Group 2 are pre-calculus courses that are taught with a common syllabus and have a common final exam with a grading rubric.
The only difference is that both groups used different teaching resources. Group 1 (N=116) used the traditional costly textbook and homework software, while Group 2 (N=21) used Open Education Resources – OER). I want to also mention that GR1 data is a total of 4 courses / 4 different instructors.
GR2 data is from just one instructor who was exploring the use of OER.Both GR1 and GR2 data are approximately normally distributed so a T test was done. The results from the T test (P.05) indicated that there is no significant difference letting me know that both groups can attain the same level of achievement on the final.While those results do mimic what research is saying about the comparison of these two settings, I wanted to also see if there would be a difference found in the settings if I compared each course in GR1 to GR2. That is comparing GR1/Instructor 1 exam scores to GR2, GR1/Instructor 2 exam scores to GR2, GR1/Instructor 3 exam scores to GR2 and GR1/Instructor 4 exam scores to GR2.It turns out that 3 of the exam distributions in GR1 were approximately normal while one not normal. I ran a t-test for the 3 normal settings compared with GR2. The results indicated that two of the settings found no difference (P.05), and one found a significant difference (P. Since you are performing 4 follow-up tests, you need to take family-wise error into account.
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The most common approach is to use a Bonferroni correction and use alpha =.05/4 =.0125 as the significance level. There are other choices. See the following webpage:2. Mann-Whitney is the appropriate test to use for the one case where the data is not normally distributed. If the data is reasonably symmetric you can probably even get away with using the t test3. In my opinion you should report both results.Charles.
Hello Charles. I would like to know if you have already created a function that calculates the cummulative probability of a bivariate normal distribution.In the standard Excel (without the Real Stats Add in), it is already possible to calculate the cummulative normal distribution by using the following function:=dist.norm.nI would really like to use a similar function for the bivariate normal distribution.Thank you very much for the Real Stats. It has helped me a lot already. In the future, I would like to provide open access solutions as well, if I have the opportunity. Hi Charles,Thanks for all the great information. I have a question.
I have N attributes, such as N different features of a product and I have two groups of experts who rank these attributes from 1 to N. Also, the number of experts in each group is different. For example, I have 10 in G1 and 15 in G2. So, each one rank the attributes and then I got mean for each attribute for the experts in each group. So, now I have two different ranking (that is in fact the mean of ranking for experts in each group) for these attributes.Which test I can use to tell me if their ranking is different? In other words, I want to know if these two groups of experts have a significant opinion about these attributes.Can I use Excel to perform that test?Thanks much in advance for your guide. Hi Charles, i am looking for your support how can use excel program to estimate the margin cost in Lerner Index, it is regarded as the mark up of price over marginal cost and is a measure of the degree of market power.
In other words, a ‘smooth’ measure of the magnitude that price exceeds marginal cost, and is calculated as:〖Lerner〗it=(Pit-〖MC〗it)/PitWhere Pitis the price of total assets for bank i at time t, and 〖MC〗it is the marginal cost of total assets. The resultant Lerner for each country is averaged over the period under analysis for bank i at time t (Berger et al, 2009). 〖MC〗it is not directly recognizable for a specific organization, hence are estimated using bounds of a total cost function from the organizations data and obtaining the marginal cost from the subsequent translong cost function:〖LnCost〗it=β0+β1 LnQit+β2/2 Ln〖Qit〗^2+∑(k=1)^3▒γkt lnW(k,it)+∑(k=1)^3▒∅kt LnQit lnW(k,it)+∑(k=1)^3▒〖∑(j=1)^3▒Ln W(k,it) 〗 lnW(j,it)+ εit.
The Real Statistics Resource Pack contains a variety of supplemental functions and data analysis tools not provided by Excel. These complement the standard Excel capabilities and make it easier for you to perform the statistical analyses described in the rest of this website.We now explain how to download and install the Real Statistics Resource Pack for use with Excel 2010, 2013, 2016, 2019 or 365 on Windows. If you are using Excel 2007. If you are using Excel 2003 or a prior version of Excel.
If you are using Excel for the Macintosh.Keep in mind that there are also two versions of Excel, at least for Excel 2010, 2013, 2016, 2019 and 365, the 32 bit version and the 64 bit version. Most people use the 32 bit version. The Real Statistics Resource Pack works in both versions of Excel.DownloadReal Statistics Resource Pack for Excel 2010, 2013, 2016, 2019 or 365 for WindowsIf you accept the, click here on to download the latest Excel for Windows version of the resource pack that accompanies this website (Release 6.8.2). This software is compatible with all Windows releases of Excel from 2010 until the present and is named XRealStats.xlam. Figure 1 – Add-ins dialog box 1. Check the Xrealstats option on the dialog box that appears (see Figure 2) and click the OK button. NOTE: If you have previously activated Realstats you must uncheck the Realstats option.
If this option doesn’t appear, click on Browse to find and choose the xrealstats.xlam file. Then complete step 4 as described above.While you can place the Real Statistics Resource Pack anywhere on your computer, we recommend that you put the file in the following folder:C:Usersuser-nameAppDataRoamingMicrosoftAddInswhere user-name is your user name in Microsoft Windows. Since some of these folders are hidden, you may find it convenient to enable showing hidden folders.
E.g., in Window 10 you can do this by opening Settings and then type Show Hidden Files and Folders in the search field. Next, check on the Show hidden files, folders, and drives option in the dialog box that appears and then click on the OK button.Installation of UpgradesOnce you have installed the Real Statistics Resource Pack as described above, to install a new version of the software you don’t need to repeat these steps. You only need to delete the previous version of the resource pack and put the new version of the software in the same location as the previous version.TroubleshootingIf there is a problem during the installation try one or more of the following:.
If Excel is running, close it. Find the file with the Real Statistics add-in. Right click on the file and click on the Properties option from the menu that appears. Towards the bottom of the General tab of the Properties window you will see the security message “This file came from another computer and might be blocked to help protect this computer”. Next to this message is the Unblock check box. Make sure this is checked and press the OK button. Start Excel. Click on Options from the File ribbon and then choose the Trust Center option on the left side. Next click on Trust Center Settings.
Next click on the Macro Settings option on the left side and make sure that it is Disable all Macros with Notification. Also click on the Trusted Locations option on the left side and click on the Add New Location button to add the folder that contains XRealStats folder as a trusted location. Try opening a blank Excel worksheet and press Alt-TI. Uncheck the Xrealstats add-in and close Excel. Now open a blank Excel worksheet and press Alt-TI. This time check the Xrealstats add-inMost important, remember that Solver must be installed.
To check this, press Alt-TI and make sure that Solver (as well as Xrealstats) is on the list of add-ins with a check mark next to it.Real Statistics FunctionsOnce you have installed the Real Statistics Resource Pack you can use the Real Statistics functions in the same way as you use the built-in worksheet functions supplied with Excel. These functions are described throughout the rest of this website. A complete list of these functions can be found at the Tools menu of the website (or at, and ).Real Statistics Data Analysis ToolsYou can access the Real Statistics data analysis tools in one of the following ways, as described in:. By pressing Ctrl-m or. By clicking on an icon on the Add-Ins ribbon or. By clicking on an icon on the Quick Access Toolbar or.
Via the Macro dialog boxA dialog box will now appear which lists all the available Real Statistics data analysis tools. You need to choose one of the data analysis tools from this list.A dialog box will then appear as described in which enables you to specify your input data and choose from available options. You can also access Help to get more information about the selected data analysis tool.A complete list of Real Statistics data analysis tools can be found in.Uninstalling the Real Statistics Resource Pack. Open Excel. Press Alt-TI. Uncheck the Xrealstats option on the dialog box that appears and click the OK button. Close Excel and delete the file that contains the Real Statistics Resource Pack.
Hello,I’ve a problem using the plugin. I installed the plugin following the instructions. Immediately after activating the xrealstats add-on, the “Additional Components” tab becomes visible in the ribbon bar of Excel and within it I can select Real Statistic and use the plugin functions.
However, the next time I restart Excel, the “Additional Components” tab disappears and I cannot longer use the plugin. Afterwards by deactivating the plugin and reactivating it, the tab becomes visible again, but the next time Excel is restarted the tab disappears again. I tried to install the plugin on 2 different pc with 2 different office version (2016, 2019) but the problem is the same. Could you help me?
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